The World Health Organization (WHO), with the support of the Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens (SAGO), has launched a global framework to assist Member States in investigating the origins of new and re-emerging pathogens. This is the first comprehensive and structured guide for understanding the emergence of pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential, including viruses like SARS-CoV-2, Ebola, and Nipah.
The framework aims to provide a unified approach to scientific investigations, filling a critical gap in public health preparedness. WHO emphasized that understanding the origins of pathogens is vital for preventing future outbreaks and limiting the spread of diseases, as shown by past pandemics.
The framework outlines six key areas for investigation:
- 1. Early Case Investigations: Identifying the first cases and possible sources of exposure.
- Human Studies: Examining epidemiology, clinical presentation, transmission modes, and early presence in surveillance data.
- Human/Animal Interface Studies: Identifying potential animal reservoirs or intermediate hosts.
- Environmental and Vector Studies: Analyzing possible insect vectors or environmental sources of infection.
- Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis: Investigating the genetic makeup and evolution of pathogens.
- Biosafety/Biosecurity Studies: Exploring possible breaches in laboratory safety that could be linked to initial cases.
This guide is designed for scientists, public health authorities, and researchers, offering them the tools needed to conduct multidisciplinary investigations. It aligns with the International Health Regulations (IHR) and advocates for a One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health perspectives.
Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, stressed the importance of transparency and timely sharing of investigation findings to prevent future pandemics. He added that if such a framework had been in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding its origins could have been less contentious.
The framework represents a vital part of WHO‘s broader effort to strengthen global health preparedness and prevent future health crises.
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